Congenital Diseases Congenital Disease - 1210 Words

Congenital disease Congenital disease (birth defect) are defects of any kind that are present at birth. However, not all are caused by a mutation in the DNA. Another way to say congenital disorder are birth defects. Congenital disease is where it â€Å"occurs at birth or even before birth†¦the incidence is 2~5% in newborn and the percentage of congenital disease related to genetic or chromosome defects was 60~70%.; the other 30% of etiology was unknown†¦ congenital disease can be categorized into chromosome disorders, congenital anomalies, inherited metabolic disorders and rare diseases† (Hospita). Major congenital diseases are abnormalities that lead to developmental or physical disabilities or require medical or surgical treatment. There are more than 4,000 different known birth defects, ranging from minor to serious, and although many can be treated or cured, they re the leading cause of death in the first year of life. Birth defects can be caused by genetic, environmental, or unkno wn factors. For most birth defects, the cause is believed to be an interaction of several genetic and environmental factors. Congenital diseases are common; â€Å"about 3 to 4 percent of babies are born with some type of birth defect† (Hospital). Most congenital diseases are caused by genetic or environmental factors or a combination of the two. In most cases the cause could be unknown. Genetic and heretic causes include; chromosomal defects which is caused by too few or too many chromosomes, orShow MoreRelatedCongenital Heart Disease ( Chd )912 Words   |  4 Pages Congenital Heart disease (CHD) Congenital heart disease is also known as â€Å"Congenital heart defect† or congenital cardiovascular malformations. The word â€Å"congenital† means existing at birth. Congenital heart defects change the normal flow of blood to the heart. CHD is the most common type of birth defect, this disease affects 8 out of every 1,000 newborns. More than 35,000 babies each year in the United States are born with a congenital heart defect. If you have a congenital heart defect it meansRead MoreAids Is Not A Congenital Disease Essay2353 Words   |  10 Pages The word AIDS means nothing but â€Å"ACQUIRED IMMUNO DEFICIENCY SYNDROME.† AIDS is not a congenital disease which means it is not present at the time of birth.AIDS weakens the immune system of human’s body making it unable to fight against any type of infection. AIDS is caused by HUMAN IMMUNO DEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV).HIV was isolated in the year 1983. HIV is a member of group of viruses known as retrovirus which have an envelope enclosing the RNA genome. HIV originated in late nineteen centuary. HIV isRead MoreCongenital Heart Diseases ( Chds ) Essay2176 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most prevalent of all birth defects and the leading cause of death in the first year of life, (1) with an annual prevalence ranging from six to twelve affected infants per 1,000 live births. (2) Several chronic maternal medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, connective tissue disorders, and congenital heart disease confer an increased risk of CHD in the offspring. (3) Congenital cyanotic heart disease (CCHD) is a cardiacRead MoreCongenital Heart Disease ( Chd )3504 Words   |  15 PagesCongenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects found in children, with an incidence of approximately nine in every 1000 live births worldwide (van der Linde et al., 2011). Children with complex CHD are living longer due to dramatic advances in medical procedures and surgical techniques (Berger et al., 2017), as well as the increase in number of pediatric heart transplant recipients over the past two decades (U.S. Department of Health Human Services, 2017), and the decreaseRead MoreCongenital Heart Diseases ( Chd )3560 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are defects in the heart that are present from birth and affect 8 in every 1,000 newborns each year (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 2011). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common congenital disease of the heart (O’Hanlon and Pennell, 2009) and the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among apparently healthy athletes and younger generations (Maron, 1995; Maron and Maron, 2013). HCM is a condition in which there is abnormalRead MoreCommon Prenatal Congenital Heart Disease Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesTetrology of Fallot(TOF) is the most common prenatal congenital cyanotic heart disease accounts for about 1/3600 live births and about 7% to 10% of of all congenital heart disease and is the most common cause of cyanosis in the neonatal period1 , 2. Typical Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) may be missed in Four chamber view. An abnormal Four chamber view is rarely seen in typical TOF cases . In the typical form of TOF the fetal echocardiography is often characterized by a normal four-chamber view, a subaorticRead MoreHirschsprung Disease : A Congenital Digestive Condition1118 Words   |  5 PagesHirschsprung Disease Research Paper Emma Jamieson Introduction Hirschsprung disease is a congenital digestive condition primarily found in newborns, although older children can be diagnosed with mild cases. Damage to the nerve cells found in between the muscle layers of the walls of the large intestine inhibits the ability to effectively pass stool. The loss of functioning nerve cells prevents peristalsis from moving the stool towards the rectum creating blockages of stool in the large intestineRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Eisenmenger Syndrome1289 Words   |  6 Pages Eisenmenger Syndrome is a congenital heart defect that is associated with long-term elevated blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature, which tends to cause pulmonary hypertension and increasing pulmonary vascular resistance (D Alto, 2014). Moreover, this is a heart defect that causes a hole to develop between two chambers of the heart (D’Alto, 2014). The hole causes blood to circulate abnormally in the heart and lungs. Increased blood flow returns to your lungs i nstead of going to the restRead MoreCongenital Heart Diseases Incidence1944 Words   |  8 PagesCongenital heart disease’s incidence depends on how the population is studied. With better diagnosis through the introduction of echocardiography the incidence figures of congenital heart diseases has raised from the range of 5-8 per 1000 live births to 8-12 per 1000 live births (Hoffman JIE, 2013). All the countries have similar incidence of congenital heart disease. Some minor differences in types of congenital heart disease by country are there. China and Japan for example have a higherRead MoreThe Role of Echocardiography in Diagnosing Treating Ebsteins Anomaly781 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare cardiac anomaly that occurs in approximately one in 20,000 live births and accounts for less than 1% of all congenital heart disease (Ebstein’s anomaly in adults)†. The goal of this paper is to examine Ebstein’s Anomaly - to understand what it is, how it affects the heart, possible presenting symptoms, and other possible complications associated with this anomaly. Diagnosis of this anomaly is key in treating patients, thus echocardiographic as well as other test

Facts, Fiction and Gre Essay Topics 2012

Facts, Fiction and Gre Essay Topics 2012 Things You Won't Like About Gre Essay Topics 2012 and Things You Will If you are thinking about why, it's because it isn't in any way easy to grade your essay instantaneously. The grader should see what you are attempting to say, by reading once. The essay graders know that you simply get 30 minutes to compose each AWA essay and in addition, they know that you won't have the ability to cover every potential argument, reason and rebuttal. Craft highly unique on-line essay grader free of charge. So, within this lesson, you will secure a look at some published issue essay prompts. No very good writer under sunlight writes two exactly same sentences in one essay or article. One of the absolute most important features about a compelling essay is its capacity to convince the reader by way of sound logical reasoning. There's also some fine selection to the sentences. Choosing Good Gre Essay Topics 2012 Your essay should have effort and attention, however don't forget that it is merely part of the whole application procedure. You are able to then practice replicating successful connections between ideas in your practice essays. Critical judgment of work in any certain field has little value unless it comes from a person who is a specialist in that area. Be certain that your GRE practice focuses on the ideal question types and test format for the version that you'll be taking. What You Should Do to Find Out About Gre Essay Topics 2012 Before You're Left Behind Students shou ld always question what they're taught rather than accepting it passively. No longer will they have to take the test without the ability to return to prior questions, something that might not fit their own best test-taking strategies. College students should base their selection of an area of study on the access to work in that area. Therefore, many students and employees decide to obtain low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. Gre Essay Topics 2012 for Dummies At this time you've got to be in a position to understand the differences between both topics you'll be presented with. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Substance matters more than every other factor in regards to your essays. Each topic includes a claim or statement of a matter, followed by specific instructions about how to respond. Ask yourselves these 2 questions when you're writing the essays. Any of the aforementioned questions can be applied a s a GED essay topic, and you need to be prepared to react to such prompts. Essentially, issue essay is all about how you perceive the given topic. In the issue essay, you will be supplied a topic that's debatable. Not only do you have to read through GRE sample essays, but you must also look for topics on which you are able to write GRE sample essays yourself and have them evaluated. Descriptive essays may be the easiest essays to write, after you think of a superior topic. In various other tests, you will be shown the gre essay topics to write about. It's here that you're told to pick the gre essay topics to write on. Since you may see, the longer the essay, the greater the grades. Before writing the toefl essay, you should be able to recognize the essay kind and select the appropriate essay pattern this important english lesson. The grading happens instantaneously, and after you submit your essay, you will get a composite AWA score, together with numerous metrics on which your essay was graded. Nowadays you know what it requires to receive an ideal essay score. If a school is likely to take your greatest GRE score, then you are able to relax somewhat on test one, knowing that it is possible to take it again if you have to. If writing essays isn't your forte, then you must sit up and take stock of the quantity of preparation you're going to need for getting an excellent score in the Analytical Writing test section of the GRE. Most students believe that essay length the only important element in regards to AWA scoring. You will get your essay scores approximately 10-15 days following your t est date. Learn exactly how your GRE scores will be used so that you can craft the proper application strategy for your fantasy school. After all, the GRE Issue isn't a test of knowledge as much since it is a test of how it is possible to use knowledge however restricted to back your position. The significance of a GRE rating can vary from really being a mere admission formality to an important selection issue. So, it's rather safe to say that the AWA score is a significant enough issue in regards to admissions.

Jean Piagets Theory Free Essays

Throughout history, many people have made many contributions to the school of psychology. One individual is that of Jean Piaget and his theories on the cognitive development stages. Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland, where he studied at the university and received a doctorate in biology at the age of 22. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Piagets Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Following college he became very interested in psychology and began to research and studies of the subject. With his research Piaget created a broad theoretical system for the development of cognitive abilities. His work, in this way, was much like that of Sigmund Freud, but Piaget emphasized the ways that children think and acquire knowledge. Piaget referred to his theory as genetic epistemology. This is defined as the study of the acquisition, modification, and growth of abstract ideas and the abilities as on the basis of an inherited or biological substrate, an intelligent functioning that makes the growth of abstract thought possible. (Ginsburg 5) Piaget derived his theories from directly observing children and by questioning them about their thinking. He was less interested in whether the children answered correctly than how they arrived at their answers. Piaget viewed intelligence as an extension of biological adaptation that has a logical structure. One of the central points of his theories was that of epigenesis. This is that growth and development occur in a series of stages, each of which is built on the successful mastery of the previous stage. (Furth 33) Piaget described four major stages leading to the capacity for adult thought. Each stage is a prerequisite for the following stage, but the rate at which different children move through different stages varies with their heredity and environment. Piaget’s four stages are the sensorimotor stage, the stage of preoperational thought, the stage of concrete operations and the stage of formal operations. The first stage that Piaget felt all children go through was the sensorimotor stage. This stage occurs between birth and two years of age. This is the stage when Infants begin to learn through sensory observation, and they gain control of their motor functions through activity, exploration and manipulation of the environment. (Furth 29) From birth, biology and experience work together to produce learned behavior. As infants become more mobile, one action is built upon another action, forming new and more complex actions. Infants’ spatial, visual, and tactile worlds expand during this period in which children actively interact with their environment and use previously learned behaviors. The critical achievement of this period is the development of object permanence. This is the indication that a child has the ability to understand that objects have an existence independent of the child’s involvement with them. Infants learn to differentiate themselves from the world and are able to maintain a mental image of an object, even when it is not present and visible. (Rotman 40) At about 18 months, infants begin to develop mental symbols and to use words. This process is called symbolization. Infants are able to create a visual or mental image of an object to stand for or signify the real object. The attainment of object permanence marks the transition from the sensorimotor stage to the preoperational stage. During the stage of peoperational thought, children use language and symbols more extensively than in the sensorimotor stage. Children learn without the use of reasoning, therefore are unable to think logically or deductively. Children are able to name the object but they are unable to categorize or class these objects. Preopreational thought is midway between socialized adult thought and the completely autistic freudian unconscious. (Furth 57) Events are also not linked by logic. In this stage, children begin to use language and drawings in more elaborate ways. From once using one word utterances they begin to use two word phrases, which make up a single noun and verb. Children in this developmental stage are ecogentric. They see themselves as the center of the universe, therefore they are unable to take the role of another person. In addition , children use animistic thinking which is the tendency to endow events and objects with lifelike attributes. The stage of concrete operations is so named because in this period children operate and act on the concrete, real, and perceivable world of objects and events. Egocentric thought is replaced by operational thought, which involves dealing with a wide array of information outside the child. Therefore, children can now see things from someone else’s perspective. Children in this stage begin to use limited logical thought and processes and are able to order and group things in classes on the basis of common characteristics. The child is able to reason and to follow rules and regulations. They are able to regulate themselves , and they begin to develop a moral sense and a code of values. Conservation is the ability to recognize that, although the shape of objects may change, the mass and amount stay the same. For example, if you put the same amount of liquid in two containers the child may think there is more in the taller cylinder. Children also begin to understand reversibility, which is the capacity to understand the relationship between things. They begin to realize that one thing can turn into another and back again. The most important sign that children are still in the preoperational stage is that they have not achieved conservation or reversibility. Dealing with the future and its possibilities occurs in the formal operational stage. The formal operation stage deals with the ages of eleven through the end of adolescence. This stage is characterized by the ability to think abstractly, to reason deductively, and to define concepts. It also is shown by adolescents’ interest in a variety of issues including philosophy, religion, ethics, and politics. Another main part of this stage is that of Hypothetic deductive thinking. This is the highest organization of cognition and enables people to make a hypothesis or proposition and to test it against reality. Deductive reasoning moves from the general to the particular and is a more complicated process than inductive reasoning, which moves from particular to general. (Rotman 44) This step also brings about self-conscious behavior because of the ability to reflect on their own and other people’s thoughts. As adolescents attempt to master new cognitive tasks, they may return to egocentric thought, but on a higher level than in the past. Not all adolescents enter the stage at the same time or to the same degree. Depending on individual capacity some may not reach the stage at all and may remain in concrete operational mode throughout life. Despite the psychiatric applications Piaget’s theories have been applied more widely in the area of education. Piaget’s concepts have been used to resolve educational problems, such as assessing intellectual development, scholastic aptitude, grade placement, and reading readiness. Innovative early school programs, such as Head Start can be traced to Piaget’s believe that experience plays a major role in human thought. Throughout his writings Piaget emphasized that the greater richness, complexity, and the diversity of the environment, the greater the likelihood that high levels of mental functioning are achieved. How to cite Jean Piagets Theory, Papers